Ecological and Syntaxonomic Analysis of Pinus halepensis Mill. in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands

This work aims to review the natural communities of Pinus halepensis in Spain. The methodology consisted subjecting 400 phytosociological relevés georeferencing and statistical, biogeographical, bioclimatic treatment. We analyse on Iberian Peninsula Balearic Islands. Five syntaxa with association rank are described several works included alliances Rhamno-Quercion Oleo-Ceratonion. Ephedro-Pinetum was initially proposed as a community by Torres et al. subsequently raised Rivas-Martínez In this work, we have separated plant dominated halepensis, which previously other syntaxa, result, propose four new associations alliance for Peninsula: ass. Bupleuro rigidi-Pinetum halepensis; Ephedro nebrodensis-Pinetum Rhamno angustifoliae-Pinetum halepènsis; laderoi-Pinetum all. lycioidis-Pinion halepensis. view fact that some been published edaphoxerophilous climatophilous, suggest separating climatophilous from character diagnosis communities, therefore recently ombroedaphoxeric index Ioex (Ioex = Pp ? e/Tp × CR), considers positive precipitation Pp, temperature Tp, residual evapotranspiration (e), water retention capacity CR (0.25, 0.50, 0.75). conclusion, mentioned above, will allow implementation reforestation treatment accordance environment.